System and method for providing location information for a mobile handset

ABSTRACT

A system that facilitates determination of a location of a mobile handset. The system includes three or more location measurement units that each correspond to a sector of the cell site. The location measurement units transmit location related information to a computation component. The computation component receives the location related information and performs a triangulation calculation on the information o define the location of the mobile handset.

BACKGROUND

Cellular telephone manufactures strive to continually provide new andinnovative services in an attempt to keep existing customers and draw innew customers in an industry that is already very competitive. Locationbased services enable personalized services to be offered based on aperson's (or item of the person) location. Services include, forexample, areas of security, E911 services, selective advertisingservices, fleet and resource management, location based information,vehicle tracking, person-to-person location, and messaging applications.

Location-based information services allow subscribers to accessinformation for which the information is filtered and tailored based onthe location of the requesting user. Service requests may be initiatedon demand by subscribers, or automatically, when triggering conditionsare met, and may be a singular request or result in periodic responses.Examples of location based information services include the following:navigation to guide the user to his or her destination; city sightseeingto describe historical sights, find restaurants, the airport, busterminal, etc.; location dependent content broadcast, that supportbroadcasting content to a user in a certain geographical area; and,mobile yellow pages, for finding telephone numbers and addresses, forexample.

Additionally, federal law requires that all Personal CommunicationsSystem networks and mobile communications networks be capable ofproviding location information for wireless calls made to emergencyservices. Under Phase II of the Federal Communications Commissionwireless E911 mandate, it is required that technology be in place suchthat a dispatcher can know more precisely where the caller is located, acapability called Automatic Location Information.

One method of determining the location of a wireless caller is by TimeDifference of Arrival (TDOA) technology. The TDOA technique works basedon triangulation by measuring the time of arrival of a mobile stationradio signal at three or more separate cell sites. In a cellular systemusing TDOA, a caller will place a call that is received at several basestation transceivers (BTS), although only one BTS is assigned by thenetwork to provide cellular communications service to the caller. A BTSis part of a BSS (Base Station Subsystem), which BSS includes the BTSand a BSC (Base Station Controller). Each BTS receiving the call signalwill pass it through the BSC to a MSC (Mobile Switching Center).

The MSC is part of an NSS (Network and Switching Subsystem), and is acellular central office that can perform all switching and signaling forcellular telephones in the MSC's area by routing calls between themobile network and the fixed telephone network (e.g., the PSTN-PublicSwitched Telephone Network). TDOA equipment at the MSC will determinethe difference in time that the signal arrived at each of three or moreBTS sites and calculate the latitude and longitude of the caller basedon the time difference and triangulation. The MSC then forwards thecall, along with the caller's location, to the requestor.

One current method of implementing TDOA location technology in wirelessnetworks requires that the BTS have the capability to determine timinginformation for received signals. In support thereof, a WirelessLocation Sensor (WLS) can be located at each BTS. The WLS measuresfeatures of the wireless mobile station radio signals and transmits thecall signal information to a Geolocation Control System (GCS) that isalso located at the MSC. The GCS is a central location processor thatmanages, coordinates, and administers the WLS network. The GCS convertsthe radio signal information received from the WLS intolatitude/longitude data and communicates the data to the PSAP fordeployment of services. However, providing a WLS at each BTS is veryexpensive due to equipment, installation, and maintenance costs.

Another method of location measurement requires a large number ofexisting cell sites. In this method, at least 5-10 mathematicalcontributors are needed to get an accurate measurement for locationdetermination. Accuracy is not significantly improved with over 10mathematical contributors. The mathematical contributors utilize TDOAtechnology and take measurements of the timing differences betweensignals received at each of the cell sites to triangulate the mobilesubscriber's position. Accordingly, this method is only useful insuburban areas where a large concentration of cell sites exist. Sparselypopulated areas, where there are limited cell sites have no accuratemeans of determining the location of a wireless caller.

Accordingly, there is an unmet need for an improved wireless callerlocation system for use in sparsely populated areas, as well as suburbanareas. Such a system will give accurate readings of locationmeasurements without the need for additional cell sites and is costeffective with updating and replacing existing structures.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basicunderstanding of some aspects of the claimed subject matter. Thissummary is not an extensive overview, and it is not intended to identifykey/critical elements of the claimed subject matter or to delineate thescope thereof. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in asimplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that ispresented later.

Disclosed herein are systems, methods, apparatuses, and articles ofmanufacture that facilitate determination of a location of a mobilehandset. In more detail, it may be desirable to accurately determine thelocation of a mobile handset. Conventionally, however, there has been noimplementation of a system or method to accurately undertake suchaction, especially in sparse regions where cell sites are limited. Inaccordance with one aspect described herein, three or more locationmeasurement units (LMU) are provided. Each of the LMUs corresponds to asector of the cell site(s). The LMUs collect location relatedinformation from the mobile handset. The location related information isthen transmitted to a computation component that approximates thelocation of the mobile handset. Once the location related information isreceived, the computation component performs a triangulation calculationon the location related information to determine the location of themobile handset. Accordingly, the location of a mobile handset can beaccurately identified even in sparse regions where cell sites arelimited.

In another example, the LMUs communicate with a base station controller(BSC) to calculate the location of a mobile handset. The LMUscommunicate with the BSC by way of microwaves and transmit the locationrelated information to the BSC. The BSC utilizes the computationcomponent to calculate latitude and longitude data that is employed todetermine the location of the mobile handset.

In another aspect described in greater detail herein, the locationrelated information is associated with time difference of arrival (TDOA)technology. LMUs positioned at three or more separate cell sites provideuplink capability and act as data points to measure the time of arrivalof a mobile handset radio signal. These measurements are thentransmitted as location related information to the computation componentto triangulate the location of the mobile handset.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, certainillustrative aspects are described herein in connection with thefollowing description and the annexed drawings. These aspects areindicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which theprinciples disclosed herein can be employed and is intended to includeall such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages and novelfeatures will become apparent from the following detailed descriptionwhen considered in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a system that facilitates determination of a locationof a mobile handset.

FIG. 2 illustrates a location system, wherein a base station controller(BSC) communicates with the location measurement units to define thelocation of the mobile handset.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary location system, wherein three cellsites triangulate the location of a mobile handset by way of locationmeasurement units.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram that is representative of a methodology for alocation system.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram that is representative of a methodology for thelocation system, wherein a BSC communicates with the locationmeasurement units to define the location of the mobile handset.

FIG. 6 is an exemplary computing environment that can be employed inconnection with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 7 is an exemplary networking environment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The claimed subject matter is now described with reference to thedrawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to likeelements throughout. In the following description, for purposes ofexplanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to providea thorough understanding of the claimed subject matter. It may beevident, however, that such matter can be practiced without thesespecific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devicesare shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing theclaimed subject matter.

As used in this application, the terms “component” and “system” areintended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, acombination of hardware and software, software, or software inexecution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to being,a process running on a processor, a processor, a hard disk drive,multiple storage drives (of optical and/or magnetic storage medium), anobject, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or acomputer. By way of illustration, both an application running on aserver and the server can be a component. One or more components canreside within a process and/or thread of execution, and a component canbe localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or morecomputers.

Furthermore, the claimed subject matter may be implemented as a method,apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/orengineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or anycombination thereof to control a computing device, such as a mobilehandset, to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term “article ofmanufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer programaccessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. Forexample, computer readable media can include but are not limited tomagnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips. . . ), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk(DVD) . . . ), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick,key drive . . . ). Additionally it should be appreciated that a carrierwave can be employed to carry computer-readable electronic data such asthose used in transmitting and receiving electronic mail or in accessinga network such as the Internet or a local area network (LAN). Of course,those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications may be madeto this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of theclaimed subject matter. Moreover, the word “exemplary” is used herein tomean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect ordesign described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs.

The wireless caller location system overlays standard cellular networksto provide location services in sparsely populated areas, as well assuburban areas. Such a location system produces accurate readings oflocation measurements without the need for additional cell sites.Significant costs associated with such location systems can be reducedby adding a location measurement unit (LMU) per sector. By providingadditional LMUs to already existing cell sites, the location system neednot add additional cell sites to provide accurate location informationfor mobile handsets. The location information is forwarded via the LMUsto the BSS (Base Station Subsystem), which includes the BTS and a BSC(Base Station Controller). A computation component at the BSC canprocess the radio signals received from the mobile handset and determinethe subscriber's latitude/longitude data, as long as the LMUs candetermine the time difference between the arriving signals from themobile handset via Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) technology. Oncethis location information is received by the BSC, the BSC triangulatesthis location information to obtain the location of the mobile handset.Accordingly, the location of a mobile handset can be accuratelyidentified even in sparse regions where cell sites are limited.

When TDOA technology is employed, triangulation is used to locate themobile handset. Thus, three or more LMUs must receive the caller signalin order for triangulation to work. Other network-based locationtechnologies such as Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD) and Angleof Arrival (AOA) may be used with the disclosed invention, as well ashybrid network-based/handset-based location technologies.

Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 thatfacilitates determination of a location of a mobile handset 106. Thesystem 100 includes three or more location measurement units (LMU) 102.The LMU is a small hardware component that measures timing signals frombase stations within a cellular communications network. The LMUs 102 ofthe system 100 determine the time differences between the arrivingsignals from the mobile handset 106. In more detail, the LMUs 102measure the time of arrival of a mobile handset radio signal at three ormore separate cell sites. Each LMU 102 provides uplink capability andacts as a data point for the triangulation of the location of the mobilehandset 106. Once the time of arrival measurements are taken, the datais programmed into an algorithm to calculate the latitude and longitudeof the mobile handset 106.

The system 100 discloses the incorporation of additional LMUs 102 toexisting cell sites (not shown). Typically, each cell site of thecellular communications network includes microwave transmitters andreceivers for communicating with, among other entities, a base stationcontroller(s) (BSC) and mobile handset(s). The cell sites of system 100include cellular communications towers or existing structures. Theexisting structures include such structures as lighthouses, fire towers,mountains, etc. It is thus to be understood that any suitable existingstructure that can be equipped with microwave transmitters and receiversfor communicating with BSC(s) and mobile handset(s) is contemplated andintended to fall under the scope of the hereto-appended claims.

Each of the LMUs 102 of system 100 corresponds to the sector of at leastone cell site. The cell sites of the cellular communications network areconfigured into a plurality of sectors or cell faces. The number ofsectors is dependent on the capacity and carriers required for each cellsite. Typically, the number of sectors per cell site is one, three orsix sectors. In more detail, an omni cell site has a single sector thatexhibits a 360 degree transmission pattern. Further, a three-sector cellsite having a plurality of assigned channel frequencies is subdividedinto a plurality of 120 degree sectors. A six-sector cell site having aplurality of assigned channel frequencies is subdivided into a pluralityof 60 degree sectors. Accordingly, the number of sectors per cell siterequires different beamwidth antennas for optimal capacity performance.Too broad a beamwidth causes interference in the network and too narrowa beamwidth induces coverage holes.

Each LMU corresponds to a sector of the cell site via direct connectionor proxy. Typically, an LMU is directly connected to each sector of thecell site. However, if the LMU is coupled to a proxy, the proxy wouldact as an intermediary between the sector of the cell site and the LMU.Accordingly, the LMU can be accessed remotely via the proxy. Forexample, the LMUs would determine the time differences between thearriving signals from the mobile handset, then the proxy would receivethese timing measurements from the remote LMUs and transmit the data forcalculation. The data is then programmed into an algorithm totriangulate the location of the mobile handset.

The LMUs 102 of the system 100 utilize Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)technology in calculating the location of the mobile handset 106. TheTDOA technique works based on triangulation by measuring the time ofarrival of a mobile handset signal at three or more separate cell sites.In a cellular system using TDOA, a caller will place a call that isreceived at several base station transceivers (BTS), although only oneBTS is assigned by the network to provide cellular communicationsservice to the caller. A BTS is part of a BSS (Base Station Subsystem),which BSS includes the BTS and a BSC (Base Station Controller). Each BTSreceiving the call signal will pass it through the BSC to a MSC (MobileSwitching Center).

The MSC is part of an NSS (Network and Switching Subsystem), and is acellular central office that can perform all switching and signaling forcellular telephones in the MSC's area by routing calls between themobile network and the fixed telephone network (e.g., the PSTN-PublicSwitched Telephone Network). LMUs corresponding to the sectors of thecell sites will determine the difference in time that the signal arrivedat each of three or more sectors. These timing measurements are definedas location related information. Location related information includesall data related to the time differences between the arriving signalsfrom the mobile handset 106.

The LMUs 102 transmit the location related information to a computationcomponent 104. The computation component 104 approximates the locationof the mobile handset 106 by way of receiving the location relatedinformation and performing a triangulation calculation on the locationrelated information. In more detail, each LMU 102 provides uplinkcapability and acts as a data point for the triangulation of thelocation of the mobile handset 106. Once the time of arrivalmeasurements are taken, the computation component 104 programs the datainto an algorithm to calculate the latitude and longitude of the mobilehandset 106 based on the time difference and triangulation.

FIG. 2 illustrates the system 200 wherein the LMUs 202 transmit thelocation related information to a base station controller (BSC) 208. ABSC 208 is part of a BSS (Base Station Subsystem), which BSS includesthe BSC 208 and a BTS (Base Transceiver Station). The BSC 208communicates with the BTS. The BTS contains transceivers, antennas andother equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications between theBSC 208 and the BTS. Typically, BSCs 208 are distributed in regions neartheir BTS's.

Further, the BSC 208 communicates with the LMUs 202 to analyze thelocation related information. As described in detail above, the LMUs 202utilize TDOA technology in calculating the location of the mobilehandset 206. LMUs 202 corresponding to the sectors of the cell siteswill determine the difference in time that the mobile handset's signalsarrived at each of three or more sectors. This location related data isthen transmitted to the computation component 204 by way of the BSC 208.Typically, the LMUs 202 communicate with the BSC 208 by way ofmicrowaves, however, the LMUs 202 can communicate with the BSC 208 byway of any other suitable means known in the art.

The BSC 208 utilizes the computation component 204 to calculate latitudeand longitude data that defines the location of the mobile handset 206.The computation component 204, described in detail above, approximatesthe location of the mobile handset 206 by way of receiving the locationrelated information and performing a triangulation calculation on thelocation related information. Each LMU 202 acts as a data point for thetriangulation of the location of the mobile handset 206. Once the timeof arrival measurements are taken, the location related information istransmitted to BSC 208. The BSC 208 utilizes the computation component204 to program the data into an algorithm that calculates the latitudeand longitude of the mobile handset 206 based at least in part on thetime difference and triangulation.

The LMUs 202 of system 200 use TDOA technology in calculating thelocation of the mobile handset 206. The TDOA technique works based ontriangulation by measuring the time of arrival of a mobile handsetsignal at three or more separate cell sites. In a cellular system usingTDOA, a caller will place a call that is received at several BTS's,although only one BTS is assigned by the network to provide cellularcommunications service to the caller. LMUs 202 corresponding to thesectors of the cell sites will determine the difference in time that thesignal arrived at each of three or more sectors. These timingmeasurements, also defined as location related information, aretransmitted to a computation component 204 to perform a triangulationcalculation on the data. The BSC 208 then utilizes the computationcomponent 204 to calculate latitude and longitude data that defines thelocation of the mobile handset 206. Although use of TDOA technology isdisclosed, other network-based location technologies such as EnhancedObserved Time Difference (EOTD) and Angle of Arrival (AOA) may be usedwith the disclosed invention, as well as hybridnetwork-based/handset-based location technologies. It is thus to beunderstood that any suitable technology for computing location relatedinformation from an LMU is contemplated and intended to fall under thescope of the hereto-appended claims.

Further, since the location system 200 utilizes LMUs 202 correspondingto each sector of the cell sites as data points to triangulate thelocation of a mobile handset 206, the need for additional cell sites isremoved. Instead, the LMUs 202 microwave their output data back toantennas (not shown) at the same cell site or to antennas at differentcell sites. Accordingly, the LMUs 202 act as data points for thetriangulation calculation, and this data is then transmitted to the BSC208 for determination of the location of the mobile handset 206.Accordingly, LMUs 202 may reside at great distances from each other andstill be able to obtain an accurate location measurement for a mobilehandset 206. For example, LMUs 202 on a particular cell site may resideat 0.5 miles or 1.0 mile from each other. This allows the accuratedetermination of location of a mobile handset 206 even in sparse regionsthat do not include a lot of cell sites.

To better illustrate operability of the system 200, a detailed example300 of one particular utilization of such system 200 is provided herein.This example 300, however, is meant to aid in understanding of thesystem 200 and is not intended to limit use or operability of suchsystem 200. As shown in FIG. 3, three cell sites 302 located in a sparseregion are positioned approximately one mile from each other with lineof site in a triangular position. Communication towers are depicted asthe cell sites 302 but these could be existing structures, such aslighthouses, fire towers, mountains, etc., as discussed above. Each cellsite 302 comprises three sectors and is equipped with three LMUs. Eachof the LMUs corresponds to one of the sectors. The three sectors facingeach other each exhibit a 120 degree transmission pattern facing each ofthe other two cell sites, with a one mile line of site between eachsector. Thus, the three cell sites 302 form a triangle of coverage 304,wherein a mobile handset 306 anywhere within the boundaries of thistriangle 304 could be located. Further, each LMU corresponding to eachsector provides uplink capability for obtaining location relatedinformation for the mobile handset 306. In more detail, each LMUprovides uplink capability and acts as a data point for thetriangulation of the location of the mobile handset 306. Utilizing TDOAtechnology, each LMU measures the time delays of signals from the mobilehandset 306 to the LMU, the LMU then transmits these measurements viamicrowaves to the BSC (not shown). The BSC then utilizes a computationcomponent to perform a triangulation calculation to determine thelatitude and longitude data that defines the location of the mobilehandset 306.

In operation, when a mobile subscriber utilizes his/her mobile handset306 within the boundaries of the communication triangle 304, LMUscorresponding to the sectors of the cell sites 302 provide uplinkcapability which measures the time delays of signals from the mobilehandset 306. The LMUs microwave their output data back to antennas atthe same cell site or to antennas at different cell sites. Accordingly,the LMUs act as data points for the triangulation calculation, and thisdata is then transmitted to the BSC for determination of the location ofthe mobile handset 306. The LMUs transmit this location relatedinformation via microwaves to the BSC which utilizes a computationcomponent to perform a triangulation calculation to determine thelatitude and longitude data that defines the location of the mobilehandset 306 within the boundary of the triangle 304.

Referring to FIGS. 4-5, methodologies in accordance with various aspectsof the claimed subject matter are illustrated. While, for purposes ofsimplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described asa series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that theclaimed subject matter is not limited by the order of acts, as some actsmay occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts fromthat shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the artwill understand and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively berepresented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in astate diagram. Moreover, not all illustrated acts may be required toimplement a methodology in accordance with the claimed subject matter.Additionally, it should be further appreciated that the methodologiesdisclosed hereinafter and throughout this specification are capable ofbeing stored on an article of manufacture to facilitate transporting andtransferring such methodologies to computers. The term article ofmanufacture, as used herein, is intended to encompass a computer programaccessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media.

Turning specifically to FIG. 4, a methodology 400 for facilitatingdetermination of a location of a mobile handset is illustrated. Themethodology 400 begins at 402, and at 404 three or more locationmeasurement units are received. At 406, each sector of one or more cellsite(s) is associated with an LMU. For instance, a plurality of LMU'scould be utilized with each cell site having 1, 3 or 6 sectors.Accordingly, each LMU corresponds to a sector of one or more cellsite(s). The methodology 400 then proceeds to 408, where approximationof the location of the mobile handset is achieved by way of thecomputation component. The computation component receives locationrelating information from the three or more LMUs. The LMUs provideuplink capability and utilize TDOA technology to measure the time delaysof signals from the mobile handset to the LMUs. The LMUs then transmitthese measurements, i.e. location related information, to thecomputation component. At 410, the computation component performs atriangulation calculation on the location related information todetermine the location of the mobile handset. The methodology 400 endsat 412.

Now turning to FIG. 5, a methodology 500 for facilitating determinationof a location of a mobile handset utilizing a base system controller(BSC) is illustrated. The methodology 500 begins at 502, and at 504three or more location measurement units are received. At 506, eachsector of one or more cell site(s) is associated with an LMU. Forinstance, a plurality of cell sites could be utilized with each cellsite having 1, 3 or 6 sectors. Accordingly, each LMU corresponds to asector of one or more cell site(s). The methodology 500 then proceeds to514, where the LMUs transmit location related information to a BSC. TheLMUs provide uplink capability and utilize TDOA technology to measurethe time delays of signals from the mobile handset to the LMUs. Thesetiming measurements are defined as location related information. Thislocation related information is then transmitted to the BSC. Further, at506 the BSC utilizes the computation component to determine the locationof the mobile handset. At 508 the computation component receives thelocation related information and programs the information into analgorithm that calculates the latitude and longitude of the mobilehandset. At 510, the computation component performs a triangulationcalculation on the location related information to determine thelocation of the mobile handset. The methodology 500 ends at 512.

Referring now to FIG. 6, there is illustrated a block diagram of acomputer operable to provide storage and access such as for a UMANetwork Controller and/or a Home Subscriber Server. In order to provideadditional context for various aspects thereof, FIG. 6 and the followingdiscussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of asuitable computing environment 600 in which the various aspectsdescribed herein can be implemented. While the description above is inthe general context of computer-executable instructions that may run onone or more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that theclaimed subject matter also can be implemented in combination with otherprogram modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software.

Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personalcomputers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can beoperatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

The illustrated aspects of the claimed subject matter may also bepracticed in distributed computing environments where certain tasks areperformed by remote processing devices that are linked through acommunications network. In a distributed computing environment, programmodules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

A computer typically includes a variety of computer-readable media.Computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessedby the computer and includes both volatile and non-volatile media,removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and notlimitation, computer-readable media can comprise computer storage mediaand communication media. Computer storage media includes both volatileand non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in anymethod or technology for storage of information such ascomputer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules orother data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM,ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digitalvideo disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices,or any other medium which can be used to store the desired informationand which can be accessed by the computer.

Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated datasignal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includesany information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example,and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as awired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such asacoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the anyof the above should also be included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

With reference again to FIG. 6, the exemplary environment 600 forimplementing various aspects includes a computer 602, the computer 602including a processing unit 604, a system memory 606 and a system bus608. The system bus 608 couples system components including, but notlimited to, the system memory 606 to the processing unit 604. Theprocessing unit 604 can be any of various commercially availableprocessors. Dual microprocessors and other multi-processor architecturesmay also be employed as the processing unit 604.

The system bus 608 can be any of several types of bus structure that mayfurther interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 606 includesread-only memory (ROM) 610 and random access memory (RAM) 612. A basicinput/output system (BIOS) is stored in a non-volatile memory 610 suchas ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines that helpto transfer information between elements within the computer 602, suchas during start-up. The RAM 612 can also include a high-speed RAM suchas static RAM for caching data.

The computer 602 further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 614(e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal hard disk drive 614 may also beconfigured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), amagnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 616, (e.g., to read from or write to aremovable diskette 618) and an optical disk drive 620, (e.g., reading aCD-ROM disk 622 or, to read from or write to other high capacity opticalmedia such as the DVD). The hard disk drive 614, magnetic disk drive 616and optical disk drive 620 can be connected to the system bus 608 by ahard disk drive interface 624, a magnetic disk drive interface 626 andan optical drive interface 628, respectively. The interface 624 forexternal drive implementations includes at least one or both ofUniversal Serial Bus (USB) and IEEE 1394 interface technologies. Otherexternal drive connection technologies are within contemplation of thesubject innovation.

The drives and their associated computer-readable media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 602, the drives and mediaaccommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format.Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to aHDD, a removable magnetic diskette, and a removable optical media suchas a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the artthat other types of media which are readable by a computer, such as zipdrives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, cartridges, and thelike, may also be used in the exemplary operating environment, andfurther, that any such media may contain computer-executableinstructions for performing the methods of the disclosed innovation.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 612,including an operating system 630, one or more application programs 632,other program modules 634 and program data 636. All or portions of theoperating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also be cachedin the RAM 612. It is to be appreciated that the innovation can beimplemented with various commercially available operating systems orcombinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 602 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 638 and apointing device, such as a mouse 640. Other input devices (not shown)may include a microphone, an IR remote control, a joystick, a game pad,a stylus pen, touch screen, or the like. These and other input devicesare often connected to the processing unit 604 through an input deviceinterface 642 that is coupled to the system bus 608, but can beconnected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, etc.

A monitor 644 or other type of display device is also connected to thesystem bus 608 via an interface, such as a video adapter 646. Inaddition to the monitor 644, a computer typically includes otherperipheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 602 may operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 648. The remotecomputer(s) 648 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentappliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallyincludes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer602, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device 650is illustrated. The logical connections depicted include wired/wirelessconnectivity to a local area network (LAN) 652 and/or larger networks,e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 654. Such LAN and WAN networkingenvironments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitateenterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which mayconnect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 602 is connectedto the local network 652 through a wired and/or wireless communicationnetwork interface or adapter 656. The adaptor 656 may facilitate wiredor wireless communication to the LAN 652, which may also include awireless access point disposed thereon for communicating with thewireless adaptor 656.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 602 can includea modem 658, or is connected to a communications server on the WAN 654,or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN 654,such as by way of the Internet. The modem 658, which can be internal orexternal and a wired or wireless device, is connected to the system bus608 via the serial port interface 642. In a networked environment,program modules depicted relative to the computer 602, or portionsthereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device 650. It willbe appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary andother means of establishing a communications link between the computerscan be used.

The computer 602 is operable to communicate with any wireless devices orentities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., aprinter, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable dataassistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or locationassociated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand,restroom), and telephone. This includes at least WiFi and Bluetooth™wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefinedstructure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoccommunication between at least two devices.

WiFi, or Wireless Fidelity, allows connection to the Internet from acouch at home, a bed in a hotel room, or a conference room at work,without wires. WiFi is a wireless technology similar to that used in acell phone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send andreceive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a basestation. WiFi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11(a, b,g, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A WiFinetwork can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet,and to wired networks (which use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). WiFi networksoperate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands, at an 11 Mbps(802.11a) or 54 Mbps (802.11b) data rate, for example, or with productsthat contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can providereal-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired Ethernetnetworks used in many offices.

Now turning to FIG. 7, such figure depicts a GSM/GPRS/IP multimedianetwork architecture 700 that includes a GSM core network 701, a GPRSnetwork 730 and an IP multimedia network 738. The GSM core network 701includes a Mobile Station (MS) 702, at least one Base TransceiverStation (BTS) 704 and a Base Station Controller (BSC) 706. The MS 702 isphysical equipment or Mobile Equipment (ME), such as a mobile phone or alaptop computer that is used by mobile subscribers, with a Subscriberidentity Module (SIM). The SIM includes an International MobileSubscriber Identity (IMSI), which is a unique identifier of asubscriber. The MS 702 includes an embedded client 702 a that receivesand processes messages received by the MS 702. The embedded client 702 amay be implemented in JAVA and is discuss more fully below.

The embedded client 702 a communicates with an application 702 b thatprovides services and/or information to an end user. One example of theapplication may be navigation software that provides near real-timetraffic information that is received via the embedded client 702 a tothe end user. The navigation software may provide road conditions,suggest alternate routes, etc. based on the location of the MS 702.Those of ordinary skill in the art understand that there are manydifferent methods and systems of locating an MS 702.

Alternatively, the MS 702 and a device 702 c may be enabled tocommunicate via a short-range wireless communication link, such asBLUETOOTH. For example, a BLUETOOTH SIM Access Profile may be providedin an automobile (e.g., device 702 c) that communicates with the SIM inthe MS 702 to enable the automobile's communications system to pullinformation from the MS 702. The BLUETOOTH communication system in thevehicle becomes an “embedded phone” that employs an antenna associatedwith the automobile. The result is improved reception of calls made inthe vehicle. As one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize, anautomobile is one example of the device 702 c. There may be an endlessnumber of devices 702 c that use the SIM within the MS 702 to provideservices, information, data, audio, video, etc. to end users.

The BTS 704 is physical equipment, such as a radio tower, that enables aradio interface to communicate with the MS. Each BTS may serve more thanone MS. The BSC 706 manages radio resources, including the BTS. The BSCmay be connected to several BTSs. The BSC and BTS components, incombination, are generally referred to as a base station (BSS) or radioaccess network (RAN) 703.

The GSM core network 701 also includes a Mobile Switching Center (MSC)708, a Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC) 710, a Home LocationRegister (HLR) 712, Visitor Location Register (VLR) 714, anAuthentication Center (AuC) 718, and an Equipment Identity Register(EIR) 716. The MSC 708 performs a switching function for the network.The MSC also performs other functions, such as registration,authentication, location updating, handovers, and call routing. The GMSC710 provides a gateway between the GSM network and other networks, suchas an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) or Public SwitchedTelephone Networks (PSTNs) 720. In other words, the GMSC 710 providesinterworking functionality with external networks.

The HLR 712 is a database that contains administrative informationregarding each subscriber registered in a corresponding GSM network. TheHLR 712 also contains the current location of each MS. The VLR 714 is adatabase that contains selected administrative information from the HLR712. The VLR contains information necessary for call control andprovision of subscribed services for each MS currently located in ageographical area controlled by the VLR. The HLR 712 and the VLR 714,together with the MSC 708, provide the call routing and roamingcapabilities of GSM. The AuC 716 provides the parameters needed forauthentication and encryption functions. Such parameters allowverification of a subscriber's identity. The EIR 718 storessecurity-sensitive information about the mobile equipment.

A Short Message Service Center (SMSC) 709 allows one-to-one ShortMessage Service (SMS) messages to be sent to/from the MS 702. A PushProxy Gateway (PPG) 711 is used to “push” (e.g., send without asynchronous request) content to the MS 702. The PPG 711 acts as a proxybetween wired and wireless networks to facilitate pushing of data to theMS 702. A Short Message Peer to Peer (SMPP) protocol router 713 isprovided to convert SMS-based SMPP messages to cell broadcast messages.SMPP is a protocol for exchanging SMS messages between SMS peer entitiessuch as short message service centers. It is often used to allow thirdparties, e.g., content suppliers such as news organizations, to submitbulk messages.

To gain access to GSM services, such as speech, data, and short messageservice (SMS), the MS first registers with the network to indicate itscurrent location by performing a location update and IMSI attachprocedure. The MS 702 sends a location update including its currentlocation information to the MSC/VLR, via the BTS 704 and the BSC 706.The location information is then sent to the MS's HLR. The HLR isupdated with the location information received from the MSC/VLR. Thelocation update also is performed when the MS moves to a new locationarea. Typically, the location update is periodically performed to updatethe database as location updating events occur.

The GPRS network 730 is logically implemented on the GSM core networkarchitecture by introducing two packet-switching network nodes, aserving GPRS support node (SGSN) 732, a cell broadcast and a GatewayGPRS support node (GGSN) 734. The SGSN 732 is at the same hierarchicallevel as the MSC 708 in the GSM network. The SGSN controls theconnection between the GPRS network and the MS 702. The SGSN also keepstrack of individual MS's locations and security functions and accesscontrols.

A Cell Broadcast Center (CBC) 733 communicates cell broadcast messagesthat are typically delivered to multiple users in a specified area. CellBroadcast is one-to-many geographically focused service. It enablesmessages to be communicated to multiple mobile phone customers who arelocated within a given part of its network coverage area at the time themessage is broadcast.

The GGSN 734 provides a gateway between the GPRS network and a publicpacket network (PDN) or other IP networks 736. That is, the GGSNprovides interworking functionality with external networks, and sets upa logical link to the MS through the SGSN. When packet-switched dataleaves the GPRS network, it is transferred to an external TCP-IP network736, such as an X.25 network or the Internet. In order to access GPRSservices, the MS first attaches itself to the GPRS network by performingan attach procedure. The MS then activates a packet data protocol (PDP)context, thus activating a packet communication session between the MS.the SGSN, arc the GGSN.

In a GSM/GPRS network, GPRS services and GSM services can be used inparallel. The MS can operate in one three classes: class A, class B, andclass C. A class A MS can attach to the network for both GPRS servicesand GSM services simultaneously. A class A MS also supports simultaneousoperation of GPRS services and GSM services. For example, class Amobiles can receive GSM voice/data/SMS calls and GPRS data calls at thesame time. A class B MS can attach to the network for both GPRS servicesand GSM services simultaneously. However, a class B MS does not supportsimultaneous operation of the GPRS services and GSM services. That is, aclass B MS can only use one of the two services at a given time. A classC MS can attach for only one of the GPRS services and GSM services at atime. Simultaneous attachment and operation of GPRS services and GSMservices is not possible with a class C MS.

A GPRS network 730 can be designed to operate in three network operationmodes (NOM1, NOM2 and NOM3). A network operation mode of a GPRS networkis indicated by a parameter in system information messages transmittedwithin a cell. The system information messages dictates a MS where tolisten for paging messages and how signal towards the network. Thenetwork operation mode represents the capabilities of the GPRS network.In a NOM1 network, a MS can receive pages from a circuit switched domain(voice call) when engaged in a data call. The MS can suspend the datacall or take both simultaneously, depending on the ability of the MS. Ina NOM2 network, a MS may not received pages from a circuit switcheddomain when engaged in a data call, since the MS is receiving data andis not listening to a paging channel In a NOM3 network, a MS can monitorpages for a circuit switched network while received data and vise versa.

The IP multimedia network 738 was introduced with 3GPP Release 5, andincludes an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) 740 to provide rich multimediaservices to end users. A representative set of the network entitieswithin the IMS 740 are a call/session control function (CSCF), a mediagateway control function (MGCF) 746, a media gateway (MGW) 748, and amaster subscriber database, called a home subscriber server (HSS) 750.The HSS 750 may be common to the GSM network 701, the GPRS network 730as well as the IP multimedia network 738.

The IP multimedia system 740 is built around the call/session controlfunction, of which there are three types: an interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF)743, a proxy CSCF (P-CSCF) 742, and a serving CSCF (S-CSCF) 744. TheP-CSCF 742 is the MS's first point of contact with the IMS 740. TheP-CSCF 742 forwards session initiation protocol (SIP) messages receivedfrom the MS to an SIP server in a home network (and vice versa) of theMS. The P-CSCF 742 may also modify an outgoing request according to aset of rules defined by the network operator (for example, addressanalysis and potential modification).

The I-CSCF 743 forms an entrance to a home network and hides the innertopology of the home network from other networks and providesflexibility for selecting an S-CSCF. The I-CSCF 743 may contact asubscriber location function (SLF) 745 to determine which HSS 750 to usefor the particular subscriber, if multiple HSS's 750 are present. TheS-CSCF 744 performs the session control services for the MS 702. Thisincludes routing originating sessions to external networks and routingterminating sessions to visited networks. The S-CSCF 744 also decideswhether an application server (AS) 752 is required to receiveinformation on an incoming SIP session request to ensure appropriateservice handling. This decision is based on information received fromthe HSS 750 (or other sources, such as an application server 752). TheAS 752 also communicates to a location server 756 (e.g., a GatewayMobile Location Center (GMLC)) that provides a position (e.g.,latitude/longitude coordinates) of the MS 702.

The HSS 750 contains a subscriber profile and keeps track of which corenetwork node is currently handling the subscriber. It also supportssubscriber authentication and authorization functions (AAA). In networkswith more than one HSS 750, a subscriber location function providesinformation on the HSS 750 that contains the profile of a givensubscriber.

The MGCF 746 provides interworking functionality between SIP sessioncontrol signaling from the IMS 740 and ISUP/BICC call control signalingfrom the external GSTN networks (not shown). It also controls the mediagateway (MGW) 748 that provides user-plane interworking functionality(e.g., converting between AMR- and PCM-coded voice). The MGW 748 alsocommunicates with other IP multimedia networks 754.

What has been described above includes examples of the claimed subjectmatter. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivablecombination of components or methodologies for purposes of describingthe claimed subject matter, but one of ordinary skill in the art mayrecognize that many further combinations and permutations of such matterare possible. Accordingly, the claimed subject matter is intended toembrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fallwithin the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to theextent that the term “includes” is used in either the detaileddescription or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in amanner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpretedwhen employed as a transitional word in a claim.

1. A system that facilitates determination of a location of a mobilehandset, comprising: a location measurement unit, within a cell sitecomprising a single base station, configured to collect location relatedinformation corresponding to the mobile handset; and a base stationcontroller further comprising: a computation component configured toapproximate a location of the mobile handset, wherein the computationcomponent is configured to receive the location related information fromthe location measurement unit and additional location relatedinformation from at least two other location measurement units withinthe cell site, and the computation component approximates the locationvia a triangulation operation that utilizes the location relatedinformation, wherein the triangulation operation is initiated by thecomputation component in response to detection of the location relatedinformation being received from the mobile handset at the locationmeasurement unit and the at least two other location measurement unitsand wherein each location measurement unit corresponds to a sector ofthe cell site and the location measurement unit resides at least 0.5miles from the at least two other location measurement units within thecell site.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the base stationscontroller is configured to communicate with the location measurementunit and utilize the computation component to calculate at least one oflatitude data and longitude data that defines the location of the mobilehandset.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the location measurement unitis configured to communicate with the base stations controller by way ofmicrowaves.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the location relatedinformation is time difference of arrival information.
 5. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the location related information comprises angle ofarrival information.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the cell sitecomprises three sectors.
 7. The system of claim 6, further comprisingtwo additional cell sites, wherein the cell sites are arranged in atriangular pattern of three cell sites, and each of the three cell sitescomprise three sectors that exhibit a 120 degree transmission patternfacing at least one of the sectors of other two cell sites of the threecell sites and a one mile line of site between each sector.
 8. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the cell site comprises six sectors.
 9. Thesystem of claim 8, wherein there are three cell sites arranged in atriangular pattern, and each of the three cell sites comprises sixsectors that exhibit a 60 degree transmission pattern facing at leastone of the sectors of other two cell sites of the three cell sites and aone mile line of site between each sector.
 10. The system of claim 1,wherein the cell site comprises an omni cell site with a single sector.11. The system of claim 10, wherein there are three omni cell sites, andeach of the three omni cell sites comprise one sector that exhibits a360 degree transmission pattern and a one mile line of site between eachsector.
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the location measurement unitis configured to be remotely accessed by a proxy.
 13. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the cell site is a cellular communication towercomprising microwave transmitters and receivers.
 14. The system of claim1, wherein the cell site is associated with structures at least as largeas a building.
 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage mediumcomprising computer executable instructions that, in response toexecution by a computing system, cause the computing system to performoperations, comprising: obtaining a signal from a mobile handset at alocation measurement unit associated with a cell site comprising asingle base station; producing location related information based atleast in part on the signal; receiving the location related informationfrom the location measurement unit and additional location relatedinformation from at least two additional location measurement unitsassociated with the cell site; employing the location relatedinformation from the location measurement unit and the additionallocation related information from the at least two additional locationmeasurement units associated with the cell site to determine a locationof the mobile handset, wherein the location of the mobile handset isdetermined via a triangulation operation and wherein each locationmeasurement unit corresponds to a sector of the cell site and thelocation measurement unit resides at least 0.5 miles from the at leasttwo additional location measurement units associated with the cell site;and initiating the triangulation operation based on the location relatedinformation being received at the location measurement unit and the atleast two additional location measurement units.
 16. The computerreadable storage medium of claim 15, the operations further comprising:determining latitude data and longitude data indicating the location ofthe mobile handset based upon the location related information receivedfrom the location measurement unit and the at least two additionallocation measurement units.
 17. The computer readable storage medium ofclaim 16, wherein the receiving is by way of microwaves.
 18. Thecomputer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the locationrelated information is time difference of arrival information.
 19. Amethod comprising: receiving, at a base station controller, locationrelated information from at least three location measurement units beinglocated within a cell site comprising a single base station andassociated with the base stations controller, the location relatedinformation pertaining to a location of a mobile handset located withinthe cell site and being based upon a measured arrival of a signal fromthe mobile handset at each of the at least three location measurementunits and wherein each location measurement unit corresponds to a sectorof the cell site and the at least three location measurement units witha distance of at least 0.5 miles separating one location measurementunit from an adjacent location measurement unit comprising the at leastthree location measurement units; and calculating, at the base stationscontroller, the location of the mobile handset located within the cellsite; wherein the calculating is initiated in response to detectingarrival of a signal from the mobile handset at each of the at leastthree location measurement units and comprises triangulating thelocation related information being received from the at least threelocation measurement units.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein thereceiving includes receiving by way of microwaves.
 21. The method ofclaim 19, wherein the location related information includes timedifference of arrival information.
 22. The method of claim 19, whereinthe triangulating includes calculating at least one of latitude data orlongitude data.
 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the cell sitecomprises three sectors.
 24. The method of claim 19, wherein thereceiving and calculating are performed continuously.
 25. The method ofclaim 24, further comprising continuously provisioning, by the basestations controller, the location of the mobile handset to an externaldevice requiring, from the base stations controller, informationregarding the location of the mobile handset.
 26. The method of claim19, wherein the receiving the location related information includesreceiving measurements relating to time difference of arrival.
 27. Themethod of claim 26, wherein the calculating includes calculating usingthe measurements relating to time difference of arrival.